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Vṛkṣāyurveda

Vṛkṣāyurveda: the knowledge of plant life

About a thousand years ago Surapāla wrote down how to choose land, sow, water, feed and protect plants. We read his text, and the farming practice around it, beside modern agronomy — and set out here what they prescribe, with the source named.

What the texts and the tradition prescribe

Three preparations, each marked for where it comes from: a classical text, an old practice, or modern natural farming. Each is made on the farm. Ojas makes none of them, and none is offered here as fertiliser advice.

कुणपजल (Kuṇapajala)Classical text

Liquid manure from animal remains

The text's liquid manure: animal remains boiled in water and left to ferment.

What goes into it
  • Animal flesh, fat and marrow
  • Milk
  • Sesame oil-cake
  • Black gram
  • Honey and ghee
How it is appliedTraditionally poured at the roots of trees. Modern versions often use fish waste, or cow dung and plants, in place of the animal parts.
Source: Surapāla, Vṛkṣāyurveda (c. 1000 CE)
पञ्चगव्य (Pañcagavya)Traditional

The five products of the cow

The cow's milk, curd, ghee, dung and urine, mixed together.

What goes into it
  • Milk
  • Curd
  • Ghee
  • Dung
  • Urine
How it is appliedFarmers ferment it for some days and spray it on crops, diluted in water. Modern recipes add jaggery or sugarcane juice, tender coconut water and ripe bananas.
Source: An old combination in ritual and in Āyurveda; its use on crops is a modern farmers' preparation from South India
जीवामृत (Jīvāmṛta)Modern natural farming

A fermented dung-and-urine culture

The cow's dung and urine fermented with jaggery, pulse flour and a handful of soil from the farm.

What goes into it
  • Dung
  • Urine
  • Jaggery
  • Pulse flour
  • A handful of the farm's own soil
How it is appliedFermented for a few days and run onto the soil with the irrigation water.
Source: Natural farming practice in India, popularised by Subhash Palekar
Not built

Growing medicinal plants on contract

The aim is a contract a grower can plan around: who buys the crop, and to what standard, agreed before planting. No contract is offered and no price is quoted. These are plants Indian growers already trade, and the part of each that is sold.

अश्वगन्धा (Aśvagandhā)

Withania somnifera
Part tradedRoot
Grows in:Dry regions, in light, well-drained soil

शतावरी (Śatāvarī)

Asparagus racemosus
Part tradedRoot
Grows in:Deep, well-drained loam

ब्राह्मी (Brāhmī)

Bacopa monnieri
Part tradedWhole plant
Grows in:Wet, marshy ground and the margins of ponds

तुलसी (Tulasī)

Ocimum tenuiflorum
Part tradedLeaf
Grows in:Most well-drained soils, and in pots at home

Raw botanicals on the shop

Roots, leaves, seeds and resins are listed on the shop by the sellers who supply them, each on its own product page. Farm inputs made from the shed are not among them.

Browse raw botanicals